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LIGNOSULFONATE PRODUCTS
DUSTAC® Road Binder
PRODUCT INFORMATION SHEET
WATER TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION
The term 96-h LC50 is defined as the concentration of a substance that will kill 50% of the exposed organisms in water within 96 hours. Synonymous terms are TLm96 and 96-h TL50 (median tolerance limit). The bioassay may be conducted under static or continuous flow conditions. Because of the lack of test standardization and the wide variety of species involved, ranges of toxicity, rather than a single toxic dose, are sometimes used to give an indication of the toxicity of substances to aquatic life. For this reason, care must be given to comparing bioassay data.
It should be noted that although acute toxicity data are more complete and therefore present the best method of ranking substances according to hazard, chronic or sub-lethal effects may have important ecological considerations. In addition, the biochemical oxygen demand of a substance should be considered along with water toxicological data in determining overall environmental effects. For many chemicals, no published aquatic toxicity data are available. In these cases, the ratings are estimated from physical properties and extrapolations of data from chemically similar compounds and are given in parentheses.
Hann and Jensen1 have assigned aquatic toxicology ratings as follows: Grade 0 (>1000 mg/l), insignificant hazard; Grade 1 (100-1000 mg/l), practically non-toxic; Grade 2 (10-100 mg/l), slightly toxic; Grade 3 (1-10 mg/l), moderately toxic; Grade 4 (<1 mg/l), highly toxic. Several substances, their 96-h LC50 (juvenile rainbow trout) and reference sources are listed below.
Chemical Substance 96-h LC50 Grade
DUSTAC* Road Binder4 2,800 ppm 0
Calcium Chloride3 over 1,000 ppm 0
Alcohol (Ethyl) 1 N/A 0
Sugar, Raw (Cane Sugar) 1 N/A 0
Borax (Tetrasodium Borate, Decahydrate) 1 N/A (1)
Gasoline (Commercial) 1 N/A (2)
Bleaching Powder (Calcium Hypochlorite) 1 N/A (3)
Sodium Pentachlorophenate 2 0.0686ppm (4)
1 Roy W. Hann and Paul A. Jensen. Water Quality Characteristics of Hazardous Materials. Texas A and M University, College Station, Environmental Engineering Div., 1977.
2 Static Bioassay (juvenile rainbow trout), B.C. Research, 3650 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C. Canada. 1981.
3 N. Irving Sax, Editor. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., 1984.
4 Laucks Testing Laboratories, Inc. Aquatic Toxicity Evaluation Summary; Rainbow Trout. Seattle, Washington: 1994